I'm working on a Python application and running into an issue with Python concurrency. Here's the problematic code:

# Current implementation
class DataProcessor:
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = []
    
    def process_large_file(self, filename):
        with open(filename, 'r') as f:
            self.data = f.readlines()  # Memory issue with large files
        return self.process_data()

The error message I'm getting is: "MemoryError: Unable to allocate array with shape and data type"

What I've tried so far:

• Used pdb debugger to step through the code
• Added logging statements to trace execution
• Checked Python documentation and PEPs
• Tested with different Python versions
• Reviewed similar issues on GitHub and Stack Overflow

Environment information:

• Python version: 3.11.0
• Operating system: Ubuntu 22.04
• Virtual environment: venv (activated)
• Relevant packages: django, djangorestframework, celery, redis

Any insights or alternative approaches would be very helpful. Thanks!

Python decorators with arguments require a three-level nested function. Here's the proper implementation:

import functools

# Decorator with arguments
def retry(max_attempts=3, delay=1):
    def decorator(func):
        @functools.wraps(func)  # Preserves function metadata
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            for attempt in range(max_attempts):
                try:
                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
                except Exception as e:
                    if attempt == max_attempts - 1:
                        raise e
                    time.sleep(delay)
        return wrapper
    return decorator

# Usage
@retry(max_attempts=5, delay=2)
def unreliable_function():
    # Function that might fail
    pass

Class-based decorator (alternative approach):

class Retry:
    def __init__(self, max_attempts=3, delay=1):
        self.max_attempts = max_attempts
        self.delay = delay
    
    def __call__(self, func):
        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            for attempt in range(self.max_attempts):
                try:
                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
                except Exception as e:
                    if attempt == self.max_attempts - 1:
                        raise e
                    time.sleep(self.delay)
        return wrapper

# Usage
@Retry(max_attempts=5, delay=2)
def another_function():
    pass