I'm working on a Python application and running into an issue with Python debugging. Here's the problematic code:

# Current implementation
import threading
import time

def worker():
    global counter
    for _ in range(100000):
        counter += 1  # Race condition here

counter = 0
threads = [threading.Thread(target=worker) for _ in range(4)]
for t in threads:
    t.start()

The error message I'm getting is: "RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded in comparison"

What I've tried so far:

• Used pdb debugger to step through the code
• Added logging statements to trace execution
• Checked Python documentation and PEPs
• Tested with different Python versions
• Reviewed similar issues on GitHub and Stack Overflow

Environment information:

• Python version: 3.11.0
• Operating system: macOS Ventura
• Virtual environment: venv (activated)
• Relevant packages: django, djangorestframework, celery, redis

Any insights or alternative approaches would be very helpful. Thanks!

The difference between threading and multiprocessing in Python is crucial for performance:

Threading (shared memory, GIL limitation):

import threading
import time

def io_bound_task(name):
    print(f'Starting {name}')
    time.sleep(2)  # Simulates I/O operation
    print(f'Finished {name}')

# Good for I/O-bound tasks
threads = []
for i in range(3):
    t = threading.Thread(target=io_bound_task, args=(f'Task-{i}',))
    threads.append(t)
    t.start()

for t in threads:
    t.join()

Multiprocessing (separate memory, no GIL):

import multiprocessing
import time

def cpu_bound_task(name):
    # CPU-intensive calculation
    result = sum(i * i for i in range(1000000))
    return f'{name}: {result}'

# Good for CPU-bound tasks
if __name__ == '__main__':
    with multiprocessing.Pool(processes=4) as pool:
        tasks = [f'Process-{i}' for i in range(4)]
        results = pool.map(cpu_bound_task, tasks)
        print(results)

Concurrent.futures (unified interface):

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, ProcessPoolExecutor

# For I/O-bound tasks
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as executor:
    futures = [executor.submit(io_bound_task, f'Task-{i}') for i in range(4)]
    results = [future.result() for future in futures]

# For CPU-bound tasks
with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as executor:
    futures = [executor.submit(cpu_bound_task, f'Process-{i}') for i in range(4)]
    results = [future.result() for future in futures]